Axial Spondyloarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and potentially spinal fusion over time. It encompasses both non-radiographic and radiographic forms, with the latter known as Ankylosing Spondylitis, and is strongly associated with the HLA-B27 gene.

Axial Spondyloarthritis

Chronic Inflammatory Disease

Spine

Sacroiliac Joints

Pain is a complex and subjective experience that serves as a protective mechanism by signaling potential or actual harm to the body. It involves sensory, emotional, and cognitive components, making it both a physical sensation and a psychological experience.

Pain

Stiffness is a measure of an object's resistance to deformation when subjected to an external force. It is a fundamental property in engineering and materials science, influencing the design and functionality of structures and mechanical components.

Stiffness

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure used to join two or more vertebrae in the spine, eliminating motion between them to alleviate pain and improve stability. It is often employed to treat conditions such as degenerative disc disease, scoliosis, or spinal fractures, and involves the use of bone grafts and metal rods or screws to facilitate the fusion process.

Spinal Fusion

Non-radiographic forms

Radiographic forms

Ankylosing Spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to pain and potentially severe stiffness. It is often associated with the HLA-B27 gene and can result in fusion of the vertebrae over time, significantly impacting mobility.

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