Vitamin storage in the body varies by vitamin type, with fat-soluble vitamins like A, D, E, and K stored in the liver and fatty tissues, while water-soluble vitamins such as C and B-complex are not stored extensively and require regular replenishment through diet. The balance of vitamin storage is crucial as excessive accumulation, particularly of fat-soluble vitamins, can lead to toxicity, whereas insufficient storage can result in deficiencies.