Vertebral fusion, or spinal fusion, is a surgical procedure aimed at joining two or more vertebrae together to eliminate motion between them, often to stabilize the spine and alleviate pain from conditions like degenerative disc disease, scoliosis, or spinal stenosis. The surgery involves using bone grafts, screws, or rods to achieve this fusion, and while it can be highly effective, it generally requires significant recovery time and carries the common risks associated with major surgeries, such as infection and adverse reactions to anesthesia.