Underdetermination is the idea that empirical data alone may be insufficient to determine which of several competing theories is the true one, as different theories can explain the same evidence equally well. This concept highlights the role of theoretical assumptions and background knowledge in theory choice, and it poses challenges to scientific realism and the objectivity of scientific inquiry.

Underdetermination

Empirical data refers to information that is acquired through observation or experimentation. It serves as the foundation for scientific research, allowing hypotheses to be tested and conclusions to be drawn based on observable evidence.

empirical data

competing theories

the true one

different theories

same evidence

theoretical assumptions

Background knowledge refers to the information that is essential for understanding new concepts, as it provides context and a framework for integrating new information. It is critical in learning processes because it influences comprehension, memory, and the ability to apply new knowledge effectively.

background knowledge

Theory choice involves selecting between competing scientific theories based on criteria such as empirical adequacy, simplicity, scope, and coherence with existing knowledge. It is a subjective process influenced by the values and priorities of the scientific community, as well as the available evidence and theoretical virtues of the options.

theory choice

Scientific realism is the philosophical view that scientific theories accurately represent reality and that unobservable entities posited by these theories, such as electrons or black holes, genuinely exist. This perspective asserts that the success of science in making predictions and developing technology is best explained by the assumption that scientific theories are true or approximately true descriptions of the world.

Relevant Degrees

Log in to see lessons