Token identity theory posits that each particular instance of a mental state is identical to a particular physical state in the brain, emphasizing the non-reducibility of mental states to a single physical state across different organisms. This theory contrasts with type identity theory, which suggests that mental states are universally identical to specific physical states across all instances.

Token Identity Theory

Token identity theory

mental state

physical state

The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, responsible for processing sensory information, regulating bodily functions, and enabling thought, emotion, and memory. It operates through a complex network of neurons and synapses, facilitating communication within the body and with the external environment.

brain

non-reducibility of mental states

Type identity theory says that what we think and feel in our brains is the same as the things happening in our brain's parts, like neurons. It's like saying a rainbow is the same as water and sunlight mixing in the sky, just two ways to talk about the same thing.

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