Thyroid hormone synthesis involves the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the thyroid gland, primarily regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland. This process is critical for regulating metabolism, growth, and development, and involves iodide uptake, iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin, and coupling to form T3 and T4.