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Concept
Encoding is the process of converting information from one format or system into another, enabling efficient storage, transmission, and interpretation by machines or humans. It is fundamental in fields such as data communication, computer science, and cognitive psychology, where it facilitates the transformation of data into a form that can be easily processed and understood.
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Storage refers to the process of retaining digital or physical data in a secure and organized manner for future access and use. It encompasses various technologies and methodologies to ensure data integrity, availability, and efficient retrieval.
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Retrieval refers to the process of accessing and bringing information from memory into conscious awareness, which is crucial for learning and decision-making. Effective retrieval relies on cues and context, and is enhanced by practices like spaced repetition and retrieval practice, which strengthen memory pathways.
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Short-term memory is a cognitive system that temporarily holds a limited amount of information, typically for about 15 to 30 seconds, before it is either forgotten or transferred to long-term memory. It plays a crucial role in everyday tasks, such as language comprehension and problem-solving, by allowing individuals to retain and manipulate information in the moment.
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Long-term memory is a cognitive system that stores information indefinitely, allowing for the retrieval of knowledge and experiences over extended periods. It is crucial for learning, personal identity, and the ability to perform complex tasks by retaining and integrating information from past experiences.
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Working memory is a cognitive system with a limited capacity that is responsible for temporarily holding information available for processing. It plays a crucial role in reasoning, decision-making, and behavior by allowing individuals to manipulate and utilize information in real-time.
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Semantic memory is a type of long-term memory that involves the storage and recall of general world knowledge, facts, and concepts, which are not tied to personal experiences. It enables individuals to understand language, recognize objects, and utilize learned information in everyday situations without needing to remember the context in which the knowledge was acquired.
Concept
The phonological loop is a component of the working memory model proposed by Baddeley and Hitch, responsible for the temporary storage and manipulation of verbal and auditory information. It plays a crucial role in language acquisition, comprehension, and the rehearsal of verbal information, facilitating tasks such as reading and problem-solving.
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Cognitive load refers to the amount of mental effort being used in the working memory, which can impact learning and problem-solving efficiency. Managing Cognitive load is crucial for effective instruction, as excessive load can overwhelm learners and hinder comprehension and retention.
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Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's remarkable ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life, allowing it to adapt to new experiences, learn new information, and recover from injuries. This dynamic process underscores the brain's capacity for change and adaptation, challenging the long-held belief that brain development is static after a certain age.
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Auditory memory is the ability to retain and recall information that is heard, playing a crucial role in language development, communication, and learning. It involves both short-term and long-term memory processes, enabling individuals to process, store, and retrieve auditory information effectively.
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Phonological similarity refers to the phenomenon where items in short-term memory, such as words or sounds, are confused with one another due to sharing similar phonetic or acoustic features. This similarity can lead to increased difficulty in accurately perceiving or recalling information, particularly in tasks involving verbal memory or language processing.
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