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Concept
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetic Molecular Theory
explains the
behavior of gases
by assuming that they are composed of a large number of
small particles
in constant, random motion, and that the collisions between these particles and the
walls of their container
account for
gas pressure
. This theory helps to understand
macroscopic properties of gases
such as temperature, pressure, and volume through the
microscopic interactions of particles
.
Concept
Graham's Law
Graham's Law
states that the
rate of effusion
of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its
molar mass
, implying that
lighter gases
effuse more quickly than heavier ones. This principle is crucial for understanding
gas behavior
in various scientific applications, including
separation processes
and
kinetic molecular theory
.
Concept
Molar Mass
Molar mass
is the
mass of one mole
of a substance, typically expressed in
grams per mole
, and is calculated by summing the
atomic masses
of all atoms in a molecule as given on the
periodic table
. It is a
fundamental concept in chemistry
that connects the
macroscopic world
of
grams and liters
to the
microscopic world
of
atoms and molecules
, allowing for
stoichiometric calculations
in
chemical reactions
.
Concept
Mean Free Path
Mean free path
is the
average distance
a
particle travels
between
collisions in a medium
, reflecting the
medium's density
and the
particle's cross-sectional area
. It is a crucial parameter in understanding
transport phenomena
in gases, plasmas, and other systems where
particles move freely
between interactions.
Concept
Concentration Gradient
A
concentration gradient
is the
gradual change in the concentration of solutes
in a solution between two regions, which often drives the
movement of substances
in biological and
chemical processes
. This gradient is a
fundamental principle in diffusion
, where particles move from areas of
higher concentration
to areas of
lower concentration
until equilibrium is reached.
Concept
Brownian Motion
Brownian motion
is the
random movement of particles
suspended in a fluid, resulting from their collision with the
fast-moving molecules
in the fluid. It is a
fundamental concept in statistical physics
and serves as a
mathematical model for stochastic processes
, with applications in fields such as finance, biology, and physics.
Concept
Ideal Gas Law
The
Ideal Gas Law
is a
fundamental equation
in chemistry and physics that relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and
amount of an ideal gas
using the
formula PV=nRT
. It assumes no
interactions between gas molecules
and that the
molecules occupy no volume
, making it most
accurate for gases
at
low pressure
and
high temperature
.
Concept
Partial Pressure
Partial pressure
refers to the pressure that a single component of a
mixture of gases
would exert if it occupied the entire volume alone at the same temperature. It is a
crucial concept in understanding gas mixtures
, as it allows for the calculation of individual
gas contributions
to the
total pressure
, which is essential in fields like chemistry, physics, and engineering.
Concept
Gaseous State
The
gaseous state
is a
form of matter
where particles are in constant, rapid motion and fill up the
entire volume
available to them, resulting in no
definite shape
or volume. This state is characterized by
low density
and
high kinetic energy
compared to
solids and liquids
, due to the
large distances between particles
and
minimal intermolecular forces
.
Concept
Gas Mixtures
Gas mixtures
consist of two or more
different gases
combined without
chemical bonding
, where each component retains its own
distinct properties
. The behavior and properties of
Gas mixtures
can be studied using principles like Dalton's Law and the
Ideal Gas Law
to predict how they
interact and function collectively
under
varying conditions
.
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