Static scoping, also known as lexical scoping, is a variable scoping mechanism where the scope of a variable is determined by its position within the source code, and nested functions have access to variables declared in their outer scope. This allows for more predictable and understandable code behavior, as the scope of a variable can be determined at compile time without considering the program's runtime state.

Static Scoping

Static scoping

Lexical scoping is a method of variable scope determination where the structure of the source code, particularly the block structure, defines the variable scope. It allows functions to access variables from their defining environment, not from where they are called, enabling more predictable and modular code behavior.

lexical scoping

variable scoping mechanism

scope of a variable

Nested functions are functions defined within other functions, allowing for encapsulation and the creation of closures that can capture and remember the environment in which they were created. This technique is often used to create helper functions that are only relevant within the scope of the enclosing function, promoting modularity and reducing the potential for naming conflicts.

nested functions

access to variables

outer scope

Predictable code behavior

understandable code behavior

Compile time refers to the period during which source code is translated into executable code by a compiler, before the program is run. It is crucial for catching syntax errors and optimizing code, but it does not account for runtime errors that occur during program execution.

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