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State capture refers to a form of systemic political corruption where private interests significantly influence a state's decision-making processes to their own advantage. This phenomenon often involves the manipulation of legal and regulatory frameworks to benefit a small group, undermining democratic governance and public interest.
Political corruption involves the misuse of public power for private gain, undermining the integrity of political institutions and eroding public trust. It manifests in various forms, including bribery, nepotism, and embezzlement, and can have far-reaching consequences on governance and development.
Regulatory capture occurs when a regulatory agency, established to act in the public's interest, instead advances the commercial or special interests of the industry it is charged with regulating. This phenomenon undermines regulatory effectiveness and can lead to policies that favor industry stakeholders over public welfare.
Concept
Lobbying is the act of attempting to influence the decisions of government officials, typically legislators or members of regulatory agencies, in favor of specific interests or causes. It plays a significant role in the political process by providing information and expertise, but it also raises concerns about transparency and the potential for undue influence by powerful entities.
Concept
Cronyism is the practice of favoring friends or associates in political and business appointments, often bypassing merit-based criteria. This leads to inefficiencies and corruption, undermining trust in institutions and perpetuating inequality.
Concept
An oligarchy is a form of governance where power is concentrated in the hands of a small, elite group, often distinguished by wealth, family ties, or military control. This system can lead to decision-making that prioritizes the interests of the few over the needs of the broader population, potentially resulting in social and economic inequality.
Institutional corruption refers to the systemic practices and structures within organizations that undermine their integrity, often prioritizing private interests over public good. This form of corruption is not necessarily illegal but erodes trust and effectiveness by allowing conflicts of interest and undue influence to shape decision-making processes.
Democratic erosion refers to the gradual decline in the quality and functioning of democratic institutions and norms, often driven by elected leaders who exploit legal mechanisms to consolidate power. This process can lead to authoritarianism, where democratic checks and balances are weakened, civil liberties are curtailed, and political opposition is stifled.
Concept
Governance refers to the frameworks, processes, and systems by which organizations, institutions, or societies are directed, controlled, and held accountable. It encompasses the mechanisms through which power and authority are exercised, ensuring transparency, accountability, and stakeholder participation in decision-making.
Patrimonialism is a form of governance in which all power flows directly from the leader, and political relationships are personal rather than institutional. This system often results in nepotism, favoritism, and the blending of public and private interests, undermining democratic principles and state functionality.
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