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Spin fluctuations are variations in the orientation of magnetic spins in a material, which can significantly influence its magnetic and electronic properties. They are crucial for understanding phenomena like quantum magnetism and unconventional superconductivity, as they often dominate interactions at the quantum level in correlated electron systems.
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Quantum magnetism explores the magnetic properties of materials at the quantum level, where the interactions between individual spins and quantum fluctuations dominate. It provides insights into exotic phases of matter, such as spin liquids and quantum critical points, which cannot be explained by classical magnetism theories.
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Unconventional superconductivity refers to superconducting states that arise from mechanisms other than the traditional electron-phonon interaction, often seen in materials with strong electron correlations. This phenomenon plays a crucial role in understanding high-temperature superconductors and materials like iron-based superconductors and cuprates, challenging conventional theories of superconductivity.
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Quantum criticality refers to the behavior of materials at quantum phase transitions, where quantum fluctuations dominate over thermal fluctuations, leading to novel states of matter. It plays a crucial role in understanding high-temperature superconductivity and non-Fermi liquid behavior, offering insights into the complex interactions governing quantum systems.
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Spintronics is an advanced technology that exploits the intrinsic spin of electrons, along with their fundamental electronic charge, to develop new types of electronic devices. It promises significant improvements in data storage, processing speed, and energy efficiency by utilizing spin-based phenomena such as giant magnetoresistance and spin-transfer torque.
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Non-Fermi liquids are a class of materials that do not conform to the traditional Fermi liquid theory, which describes the normal state of most metals at low temperatures. They exhibit unusual properties like anomalous temperature dependence of resistivity and non-quasiparticle excitations, often found in high-temperature superconductors and heavy fermion systems.
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Landau Fermi liquid theory describes the behavior of interacting fermions at low temperatures, where the system can be understood in terms of quasiparticles that have a one-to-one correspondence with the non-interacting fermions. Despite interactions, these quasiparticles retain the Fermi-Dirac statistics and have well-defined properties such as effective mass and lifetime, allowing the prediction of various physical phenomena in metals and other systems.
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The pseudogap phase is a mysterious state of matter in high-temperature superconductors, where some electronic properties fit between those of insulators and superconductors but without full superconductivity. Understanding this phase is crucial for unraveling the mechanisms behind superconductivity at elevated temperatures and improving the design of superconducting materials.
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