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Social determinants are the non-medical factors that influence health outcomes, encompassing the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, as well as the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life. These determinants significantly impact health disparities and can include factors like socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood and physical environment, employment, and social support networks.
Health disparities refer to the differences in health outcomes and access to healthcare across different population groups, often influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors. These disparities are rooted in systemic inequalities and can lead to significant variations in disease prevalence, life expectancy, and quality of life among marginalized communities.
SocioEconomic Status (SES) is a multifaceted measure that encompasses an individual's economic, social, and work status, typically assessed through income, education, and occupation. It significantly influences access to resources and opportunities, impacting health, education, and quality of life across generations.

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Education is a systematic process of facilitating learning, acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and habits through various methods such as teaching, training, and research. It plays a crucial role in personal development and societal progress by empowering individuals to think critically and contribute effectively to the world around them.
The neighborhood and built environment encompass the physical surroundings in which people live, including housing, infrastructure, and community spaces, all of which significantly influence health outcomes, social interactions, and quality of life. These environments can either promote or hinder access to resources such as healthcare, education, and employment, thereby affecting socioeconomic disparities and community well-being.
Social support networks are essential structures that provide emotional, informational, and practical assistance, significantly impacting an individual's mental and physical well-being. These networks consist of relationships with family, friends, colleagues, and community members, and their effectiveness depends on the quality and accessibility of these connections.
Access to healthcare refers to the ability of individuals to obtain necessary medical services, which is influenced by factors such as availability, affordability, and acceptability of services. Ensuring equitable access is crucial for improving public health outcomes and reducing health disparities among different populations.
Cultural competence is the ability to understand, communicate with, and effectively interact with people across cultures by recognizing and respecting their cultural differences. It involves developing an awareness of one's own cultural worldview, gaining knowledge of different cultural practices and worldviews, and developing cross-cultural skills.
Public health policy involves the development and implementation of strategies and regulations to protect and improve the health of populations. It requires collaboration across various sectors and disciplines to address complex health issues, ensuring equitable access to healthcare and promoting preventive measures.
Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges within a society, often based on characteristics such as class, race, gender, and ethnicity. It can lead to systemic disparities in access to education, healthcare, and economic advancement, perpetuating cycles of poverty and marginalization.
External conditions refer to the environmental, social, and economic factors that influence an individual's or organization's decision-making and performance. Understanding these conditions is crucial for adapting strategies and achieving desired outcomes in a dynamic and interconnected world.
Substance abuse refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs, leading to addiction, health issues, and impaired social functioning. It is often driven by a combination of genetic, psychological, environmental, and social factors, necessitating a comprehensive approach to prevention and treatment.
Extrinsic factors refer to external elements that influence an organism, behavior, or process, often impacting its development, performance, or outcomes. These factors can include environmental conditions, social influences, and economic pressures, and are crucial in understanding the broader context in which a subject operates.
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