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Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as perception, memory, reasoning, and problem-solving, focusing on how people understand, diagnose, and respond to information. It emphasizes internal mental states and uses experimental methods to study how people acquire, process, and store information.
Implicit memory is a type of long-term memory that does not require conscious thought and is often demonstrated through performance rather than recollection. It encompasses skills and conditioned responses that have been acquired through repetition and practice, allowing individuals to perform tasks without conscious awareness of the learned experience.
Unconscious processing refers to the brain's ability to interpret and respond to stimuli without conscious awareness, playing a crucial role in decision-making, perception, and behavior. It operates through mechanisms like priming, implicit memory, and automaticity, influencing actions and thoughts without deliberate intention.
Perceptual fluency refers to the ease with which information is processed by the sensory system, significantly influencing judgments and decisions. This cognitive bias can lead to the belief that more easily processed items are more familiar, credible, or true, shaping consumer behavior and memory recall.
Procedural memory is a type of long-term memory responsible for knowing how to perform tasks and actions, such as riding a bike or typing on a keyboard, without conscious awareness. It is deeply rooted in motor skills and habits, and relies on the basal ganglia and cerebellum for execution and learning of these routines.
Cognitive load refers to the amount of mental effort being used in the working memory, which can impact learning and problem-solving efficiency. Managing Cognitive load is crucial for effective instruction, as excessive load can overwhelm learners and hinder comprehension and retention.
Dual-process theory posits that human cognition operates through two distinct processes: an automatic, fast, and intuitive system, and a controlled, slow, and deliberative system. This framework helps explain a wide range of cognitive phenomena, from decision-making to moral reasoning, by highlighting the interplay between instinctual and analytical thought processes.
Schema theory posits that all knowledge is organized into units or frameworks, known as schemas, which help individuals understand and interpret information by providing a structure for experiences and expectations. These schemas are dynamic, evolving with new information and experiences, and play a critical role in cognitive processes such as memory, perception, and learning.
Attentional control refers to the ability to focus attention selectively on relevant stimuli while ignoring distractions, crucial for effective cognitive functioning. It involves the interplay of executive functions and is essential for tasks requiring sustained concentration, flexibility, and goal-directed behavior.
Affective priming is a psychological phenomenon where exposure to an emotionally charged stimulus influences the response to a subsequent stimulus, typically in a way that aligns with the initial emotion. This effect demonstrates the interconnectedness of emotion and cognition, revealing how emotions can subconsciously shape perceptions and judgments.
Unconscious cognition refers to mental processes occurring outside of conscious awareness that influence thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. It plays a crucial role in decision-making, intuition, and problem-solving, offering insights into how much of the mind works behind the scenes.
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