Sawm, or fasting, is a fundamental practice in Islam observed during the month of Ramadan, where Muslims abstain from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn until sunset to cultivate self-discipline, empathy for the less fortunate, and spiritual growth. This ritual is one of the Five Pillars of Islam and is obligatory for all adult Muslims, with exceptions for those who are ill, traveling, pregnant, nursing, or menstruating.