The S-process, or slow neutron capture process, is a series of nuclear reactions in stars where atomic nuclei capture neutrons slowly compared to the rate of beta decay, leading to the formation of stable isotopes of heavier elements. This process occurs primarily in asymptotic giant branch stars and is responsible for the creation of approximately half of the elements heavier than iron in the universe.

S-process

slow neutron capture process

Nuclear reactions involve changes in an atom's nucleus, typically resulting in the transformation of elements and the release or absorption of energy. These reactions are the basis for both nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons, highlighting their dual potential for constructive and destructive applications.

nuclear reactions

atomic nuclei

Neutrons are subatomic particles with no electric charge, found in the nucleus of an atom alongside protons. They play a crucial role in the stability of atomic nuclei and are essential for nuclear reactions, including fission and fusion processes.

neutrons

Beta decay is a radioactive process in which an unstable atomic nucleus transforms into a more stable one by emitting a beta particle, which can be either an electron or a positron. This process results in the conversion of a neutron to a proton or vice versa, altering the atomic number of the element while conserving charge and energy.

beta decay

Stable isotopes are non-radioactive forms of elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, providing valuable insights in fields like geology, biology, and environmental science. Their unique properties allow researchers to trace chemical pathways, study past climates, and understand ecological interactions without the complications of radioactive decay.

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