Rawlsian theory, developed by philosopher John Rawls, is centered around the principles of justice as fairness, which propose that a just society is one in which social and economic inequalities are arranged to benefit the least advantaged and where all individuals have equal opportunities. The theory is famously encapsulated in the 'original position' and 'veil of ignorance' thought experiments, which aim to ensure impartiality in the creation of a fair social contract.