Schema theory posits that all knowledge is organized into units or frameworks, known as schemas, which help individuals understand and interpret information by providing a structure for experiences and expectations. These schemas are dynamic, evolving with new information and experiences, and play a critical role in cognitive processes such as memory, perception, and learning.
Metacognition is the awareness and regulation of one's own thought processes, enabling individuals to understand, control, and improve their learning and problem-solving abilities. It involves self-reflection, self-monitoring, and self-regulation, which are crucial for effective learning and adapting to new challenges.