Phosphatidylserine externalization is a cellular process where phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid normally located on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane, flips to the outer leaflet, serving as a signal for apoptosis or other cellular processes. This externalization is crucial in processes like blood coagulation and immune cell recognition, marking cells for clearance by phagocytes.

Phosphatidylserine Externalization

Phosphatidylserine externalization

cellular process

Phospholipids are essential components of cell membranes, forming a bilayer that provides structural integrity and regulates the passage of substances in and out of cells. Their amphipathic nature, with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allows them to self-assemble into bilayers, creating a semi-permeable membrane critical for cellular function and signaling.

phospholipid

inner leaflet

The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell, maintaining homeostasis by controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates that facilitate communication and transport functions.

cell membrane

outer leaflet

signal for apoptosis

Blood coagulation is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when blood vessels are injured by converting liquid blood components into a solid clot. This process involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions that activate clotting factors and ultimately lead to the formation of a stable fibrin mesh that seals the wound.

blood coagulation

Immune cell recognition is the process by which immune cells, such as T cells and B cells, identify and respond to foreign antigens, playing a crucial role in the body's defense against pathogens. This recognition is mediated through specific receptors on immune cells that bind to antigens, triggering a cascade of immune responses to eliminate the threat.

CUSTOMIZE YOUR LEARNING

CUSTOMIZE YOUR LEARNING

Relevant Degrees