Overpotential is the extra voltage required to drive an electrochemical reaction at a rate higher than its equilibrium rate, due to kinetic barriers and mass transport limitations. It is a critical factor in the efficiency of electrochemical cells, affecting both energy conversion and storage technologies.

Overpotential

extra voltage

An electrochemical reaction involves the transfer of electrons between a chemical species and an electrode, driving the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa. These reactions are fundamental to processes like corrosion, energy storage in batteries, and electroplating, and are governed by principles of thermodynamics and kinetics.

electrochemical reaction

equilibrium rate

kinetic barriers

mass transport limitations

efficiency of electrochemical cells

Energy conversion is the process of changing energy from one form to another, enabling the use of energy in various applications and improving efficiency. This process is fundamental in powering modern technology, from generating electricity to fueling vehicles and heating homes.

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