Concept
Ostracism is a social phenomenon where individuals or groups are deliberately excluded or ignored by others, leading to psychological distress and a sense of social isolation for the ostracized. It can occur in various contexts, such as workplaces, schools, or communities, and can have significant impacts on mental health and social dynamics.
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Concept
Social exclusion refers to the process in which individuals or groups are systematically blocked from accessing rights, opportunities, and resources that are normally available to members of society and that are key to social integration. It is often linked to discrimination and can lead to significant disparities in health, education, and economic status.
Concept
Group dynamics refers to the behavioral and psychological processes that occur within a social group or between groups, influencing how they interact, make decisions, and achieve goals. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for enhancing group performance, resolving conflicts, and fostering a positive and productive group environment.
Concept
The psychological impact refers to the effect that an event, experience, or series of experiences can have on an individual's mental and emotional well-being. It encompasses a wide range of responses, from stress and anxiety to resilience and personal growth, influenced by factors like perception, coping mechanisms, and social support.
Concept
Social Identity Theory posits that a person's self-concept is derived from perceived membership in social groups, influencing their behavior and attitudes. This theory explains intergroup behavior, highlighting how in-group favoritism and out-group discrimination arise from the need for positive self-esteem and Social Identity.
Concept
Belongingness refers to the human emotional need to be an accepted member of a group, which is fundamental for psychological well-being and influences behavior, motivation, and overall health. This sense of belonging can impact self-esteem, identity formation, and social cohesion, making it a crucial element in various social structures and personal relationships.
Concept
Social rejection is the experience of being deliberately excluded from a social relationship or social interaction. It can have profound psychological effects, impacting an individual's self-esteem, emotional well-being, and even physical health.
Concept
Interpersonal relationships are dynamic connections between individuals that are shaped by emotional, social, and contextual factors, influencing personal and collective well-being. Understanding these relationships involves examining communication patterns, emotional bonds, and the roles individuals play within various social contexts.
Concept
Coping mechanisms are strategies or behaviors that individuals use to manage stress, emotional pain, or difficult situations. They can be adaptive, promoting resilience and well-being, or maladaptive, potentially leading to negative outcomes and worsening stress over time.
Concept
Bullying is a repeated aggressive behavior where an individual or group intentionally harms or distresses another, often exploiting a power imbalance. It can occur in various environments, including schools, workplaces, and online, and has significant psychological and social impacts on both victims and perpetrators.
Concept
Social isolation refers to the state of having minimal contact with others, which can lead to significant mental and physical health issues. It is often associated with loneliness, though the two are distinct, as one can feel lonely even when surrounded by people, and socially isolated without feeling lonely.
Concept
Democracy in Athens, developed in the 5th century BCE, was a direct form of government where citizens participated in decision-making directly rather than through elected representatives. This system laid the foundation for modern democratic principles, emphasizing civic participation, equality before the law, and the accountability of leaders to the populace.
The social structure of ancient Athens was fundamentally divided between citizens, who had political rights, and non-citizens, including women, slaves, and foreigners, who did not. This division underpinned Athenian democracy, which was exclusive and participatory, allowing male citizens to engage directly in governance while excluding the majority of the population from political life.
Concept
Athenian Democracy was a revolutionary system of direct democracy developed in Athens around the 5th century BCE, where citizens participated directly in decision-making rather than through elected representatives. This form of government laid the groundwork for modern democratic systems, but it also had significant limitations, such as excluding women, slaves, and non-citizens from participation.
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