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Schema theory posits that all knowledge is organized into units or frameworks, known as schemas, which help individuals understand and interpret information by providing a structure for experiences and expectations. These schemas are dynamic, evolving with new information and experiences, and play a critical role in cognitive processes such as memory, perception, and learning.
Cognitive Load Theory suggests that learning is hindered when the working memory is overwhelmed by too much information at once, emphasizing the need to design instructional materials that optimize cognitive processing. It differentiates between intrinsic, extraneous, and Germane Cognitive Loads to enhance learning efficiency and retention.
Metacognition is the awareness and regulation of one's own thought processes, enabling individuals to understand, control, and improve their learning and problem-solving abilities. It involves self-reflection, self-monitoring, and self-regulation, which are crucial for effective learning and adapting to new challenges.
Prior knowledge refers to the information and understanding a person already possesses before learning new information, significantly influencing how new information is processed and integrated. It plays a crucial role in learning, as it can facilitate comprehension, memory, and the ability to apply new knowledge effectively.
Inference making is the cognitive process of drawing logical conclusions from available information, allowing individuals to fill in gaps and make predictions about unseen or future events. It relies on prior knowledge, contextual understanding, and critical thinking skills to interpret and anticipate outcomes effectively.
Text structure refers to the organizational framework of a text, guiding the reader through the content and enhancing comprehension. It includes various patterns like chronological order, cause and effect, and problem-solution, each serving a specific purpose in conveying information effectively.
Critical thinking is the disciplined process of actively evaluating, analyzing, and synthesizing information gathered from observation, experience, or communication. It involves questioning assumptions, recognizing biases, and making reasoned judgments to reach well-supported conclusions.
Exemplification is a rhetorical strategy that uses specific examples to illustrate, clarify, or substantiate an idea. It helps to make abstract concepts more concrete and relatable, enhancing understanding and communication.
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