Integer Programming is a mathematical optimization technique where some or all of the decision variables are restricted to be integers, making it particularly useful for problems involving discrete choices. It is widely applied in fields like operations research and computer science to solve complex decision-making problems under constraints, such as scheduling, resource allocation, and network design.
Phase retrieval is a computational technique used to reconstruct a signal or image from the magnitude of its Fourier transform, crucial in fields where phase information is lost or difficult to measure directly, such as X-ray crystallography and optical imaging. It involves solving inverse problems to recover phase information, often using iterative algorithms and optimization methods.
Matrix Completion is a technique used to recover missing entries in a partially observed matrix, which finds applications in fields like collaborative filtering used in recommendation systems. It leverages underlying low-rank structures and optimization methods to infer the missing values with high accuracy from the limited available data.