Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are large protein assemblies that span the nuclear envelope, facilitating the regulated exchange of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm. They play a critical role in maintaining cellular function by controlling the transport of RNA, proteins, and other macromolecules, while also contributing to nuclear organization and genome regulation.

Nuclear Pore Complexes

Nuclear pore complexes

large protein assemblies

The nuclear envelope is a double-membrane structure that encloses the nucleus in eukaryotic cells, protecting the genetic material and regulating the exchange of substances between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It consists of an outer membrane continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum and an inner membrane supported by the nuclear lamina, with nuclear pores facilitating transport across the envelope.

nuclear envelope

regulated exchange of molecules

exchange of molecules

nucleus and cytoplasm

Cellular function encompasses the myriad activities carried out by cells to maintain homeostasis, facilitate growth, and ensure survival. It involves complex interactions between cellular structures and biochemical pathways to perform tasks such as energy production, molecular transport, and signal transduction.

cellular function

transport of RNA

Transport of proteins

Transport of macromolecules

Nuclear organization refers to the spatial arrangement of chromatin and other nuclear components within the nucleus, which is crucial for regulating gene expression and maintaining genomic stability. This organization is dynamic and influenced by various factors, including the cell cycle, differentiation, and external signals, impacting cellular function and identity.

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