The nephron is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering blood and forming urine. Each nephron consists of a glomerulus for filtration and a tubular system for reabsorption and secretion, playing a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, electrolyte balance, and waste removal.

Nephron

nephron

fundamental structural and functional unit

The kidney is a vital organ responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, regulating electrolyte balance, and maintaining overall fluid homeostasis in the body. It plays a crucial role in blood pressure regulation, red blood cell production, and calcium metabolism, making it essential for overall health and well-being.

kidney

filtering blood

forming urine

glomerulus for filtration

tubular system for reabsorption

Secretion is the process by which cells or glands produce and release substances such as enzymes, hormones, and mucus into the extracellular space or into the bloodstream. This process is essential for maintaining homeostasis, facilitating communication between cells, and defending the body against pathogens.

secretion

Homeostasis is the physiological process by which biological systems maintain stability and equilibrium in response to changing external conditions. It is essential for the survival of organisms, enabling them to regulate internal environments such as temperature, pH, and ion concentrations to ensure optimal functioning.

homeostasis

Electrolyte balance is the regulation of the concentration of electrolytes in the body, which is crucial for maintaining homeostasis, proper nerve function, and muscle contraction. Imbalances can lead to serious health issues such as dehydration, heart arrhythmias, and neurological disturbances.

electrolyte balance

Waste removal is a crucial process for maintaining environmental health and preventing the spread of diseases by properly managing and disposing of waste materials. It encompasses various methods and technologies to efficiently collect, transport, treat, and dispose of waste in a sustainable manner.

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