Nanofiltration is a membrane filtration process that selectively separates molecules based on size and charge, typically used for water purification and wastewater treatment. It operates between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis in terms of pore size, effectively removing multivalent ions and small organic molecules while allowing monovalent ions to pass through.

Nanofiltration

membrane filtration process

molecules based on size and charge

Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water to make it safe for consumption and use. It is essential for ensuring public health, environmental sustainability, and access to clean drinking water, particularly in regions facing water scarcity or contamination issues.

water purification

Wastewater treatment is a process used to remove contaminants from water to make it safe for discharge or reuse, thereby protecting public health and the environment. It involves physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove pollutants and produce treated effluent and sludge, which can be further processed or disposed of safely.

wastewater treatment

Ultrafiltration is a membrane filtration process used to separate particles and solutes of high molecular weight from a liquid, typically water, through a semipermeable membrane. It is widely used in water purification, food and beverage processing, and medical applications to remove bacteria, viruses, and other contaminants while retaining essential minerals and nutrients.

ultrafiltration

Reverse osmosis is a water purification process that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from drinking water. It is widely used for desalination, wastewater treatment, and providing potable water by applying pressure to overcome osmotic pressure, effectively filtering out contaminants and impurities.

reverse osmosis

Pore size refers to the diameter of the individual pores within a material, significantly influencing its permeability, filtration efficiency, and surface area. Understanding pore size is crucial for applications ranging from catalysis and drug delivery to water purification and soil science, as it determines the interaction between the material and its environment.

pore size

Multivalent ions are ions that can form more than one stable positive or negative charge state, often seen in transition metals and certain non-metals. This ability to exhibit multiple valencies allows these ions to participate in a variety of chemical reactions and form compounds with different properties.

multivalent ions

small organic molecules

Monovalent ions are ions with a single positive or negative charge, resulting from the loss or gain of one electron. They play a critical role in various chemical reactions and biological processes, including maintaining electrical neutrality and facilitating the conduction of electrical signals in cells.

CUSTOMIZE YOUR LEARNING

CUSTOMIZE YOUR LEARNING

Relevant Degrees

Log in to see lessons