Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to a wide range of neurological symptoms due to the immune system attacking the protective myelin sheath covering nerve fibers. The disease is characterized by periods of relapses and remissions or progressive neurological decline, and its exact cause remains unknown, though it involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Multiple Sclerosis

chronic autoimmune disease

The central nervous system (CNS) is the primary control center for the body, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and it processes and coordinates sensory information and responses. It plays a crucial role in regulating bodily functions, cognition, and behavior, making it essential for survival and adaptation to the environment.

central nervous system

Neurological symptoms are manifestations of disorders affecting the brain, spinal cord, or nerves, which can include a wide range of physical, cognitive, and emotional changes. Accurate diagnosis and management require understanding the underlying causes, which can range from traumatic injuries to degenerative diseases or infections.

neurological symptoms

The immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens and maintain overall health. It involves both innate and adaptive responses, which recognize and neutralize foreign invaders while also retaining memory for faster future responses.

immune system

protective myelin sheath

Nerve fibers are the long extensions of neurons that transmit electrical impulses throughout the nervous system, playing a crucial role in communication between different parts of the body. They are primarily classified into myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, which influence the speed and efficiency of signal transmission.

nerve fibers

periods of relapses

remissions

progressive neurological decline

exact cause

Genetic factors refer to the inherited traits and variations in DNA sequences that influence an individual's physical and physiological characteristics, as well as susceptibility to certain diseases. Understanding these factors is crucial for advancing personalized medicine, predicting disease risk, and developing targeted therapies.

Genetic Factors

Environmental factors encompass all external elements influencing living organisms, including physical, chemical, biological, and social components. These factors shape ecosystems and human health, driving adaptation and evolution, and are critical in assessing ecological and public health risks.

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