Phase diagrams are graphical representations that show the stability of different phases of a substance under varying conditions of temperature and pressure. They are crucial for understanding the conditions under which a substance changes from one phase to another, such as from solid to liquid or liquid to gas.
Ductility is a material property that indicates a substance's ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture, typically characterized by the material's capacity to be stretched into a wire. It is crucial in determining how materials can be shaped and used in various applications, especially in construction and manufacturing industries.
Malleability refers to the property of a material that allows it to be deformed under compressive stress, often characterized by its ability to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets. This property is crucial in materials science and engineering, influencing the selection of materials for various applications based on their capacity to withstand mechanical forces without breaking.
Alloying elements are added to base metals to enhance their properties, such as strength, corrosion resistance, and ductility, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. These elements can significantly alter the microstructure and phase composition of the alloy, thereby tailoring its mechanical and physical characteristics to meet specific requirements.