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Metallic alloys are mixtures of two or more elements, where at least one is a metal, designed to enhance properties like strength, corrosion resistance, and electrical conductivity. These engineered materials are crucial in a variety of applications, from aerospace to consumer electronics, due to their tailored characteristics that pure metals cannot achieve alone.
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Hydrogen permeation is the process by which hydrogen atoms diffuse through a material, often leading to material degradation and failure, particularly in metals. This phenomenon is critical in industries like petrochemicals and energy, where it can cause hydrogen embrittlement and compromise structural integrity.
Oxide scaling refers to the formation of oxide layers on metal surfaces at high temperatures, which can affect the material's thermal and mechanical properties. This phenomenon is crucial in high-temperature applications, as it can lead to degradation and failure of components if not properly managed or controlled.
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