Concept
Low-dimensional materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, exhibit unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties due to their reduced dimensionality, leading to potential applications in electronics, photonics, and quantum computing. Their behavior is governed by quantum confinement effects, which enhance their reactivity and influence their physical properties in ways that are fundamentally different from their bulk counterparts.
Relevant Degrees
Concept
WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) is an open-source project that enables web applications and websites to capture, and potentially broadcast, audio and/or video media, as well as to exchange any type of data between browsers without requiring an intermediary. It facilitates peer-to-peer communication, making it a powerful tool for applications like video conferencing, file sharing, and live streaming, all directly within the web browser.
Concept
NAT traversal is a technique used to establish and maintain Internet protocol connections across gateways that implement Network Address Translation (NAT). It is crucial for peer-to-peer applications and services that require direct end-to-end connectivity, such as VoIP and online gaming, to function properly in network environments with NAT devices.
Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) is a network protocol that allows devices behind a NAT (Network Address Translation) to discover their public IP address and the type of NAT they are behind, facilitating peer-to-peer communication. It is crucial for applications like VoIP and video conferencing, where direct communication between clients is necessary despite NAT restrictions.
Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a protocol that facilitates the traversal of network address translators (NATs) or firewalls for multimedia applications by using a relay server to relay data between peers. This approach is especially useful in scenarios where direct peer-to-peer connectivity is not possible due to restrictive NAT or firewall configurations.
Concept
Peer-to-peer communication is a decentralized network model where each participant, or 'peer', has equal privileges and can initiate or complete transactions without the need for a central server. This architecture enhances scalability and resilience, but can also pose challenges in terms of security and data consistency.
Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method used in routers to remap IP addresses by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit. This technique enables multiple devices on a local network to be mapped to a single public IP address, conserving global address space and enhancing security by masking internal IP addresses.
Concept
Real-time communication refers to the instantaneous exchange of information between parties, enabling immediate feedback and interaction. It is crucial in applications where time-sensitive data is transmitted, such as video conferencing, live streaming, and online gaming.
Concept
Candidate Gathering refers to the process of attracting, identifying, and assembling potential candidates for a particular position or opportunity. It involves various strategies and tools to ensure a diverse and qualified pool of applicants, enhancing the chances of finding the best fit for the role.
Concept
Connectivity checks are diagnostic tests or procedures used to verify the integrity and functionality of network connections, ensuring that devices can communicate effectively within a network. These checks are crucial for maintaining network reliability, identifying potential issues, and optimizing performance in both local and wide-area networks.
Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) is an open-source project that enables peer-to-peer audio, video, and data sharing directly between web browsers without needing plugins. It facilitates Real-Time Communication by using JavaScript APIs, making it essential for applications like video conferencing, file sharing, and live streaming.
Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a protocol that enables devices behind Network Address Translation (NAT) to receive incoming data over the Internet by using a relay server. It is essential for real-time communication applications where direct peer-to-peer connectivity is obstructed by NAT configurations, ensuring reliable data transmission paths.
Concept
STUN (Session Traversal Utilities for NAT) is a protocol used to enable communication between devices behind Network Address Translators (NATs) by determining the public IP address and port mappings. It is often used in real-time communication applications to facilitate peer-to-peer connections by helping devices discover their external network configuration.
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