Lignin polymerization is a complex biochemical process where lignin monomers are synthesized and then linked together to form the lignin polymer, a crucial component of plant cell walls that provides structural support and resistance to degradation. This process involves the oxidative coupling of monolignols, primarily coniferyl, sinapyl, and p-coumaryl alcohols, under the influence of enzymes such as peroxidases and laccases, leading to the formation of a highly branched and heterogeneous polymer.