The Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) is a natural, temporary contraceptive method that relies on the natural infertility resulting from exclusive breastfeeding. It is most effective when the mother is fully or nearly fully breastfeeding, the baby is less than six months old, and the mother has not yet resumed her menstrual periods.
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Discourse ethics is a normative framework that emphasizes the importance of rational discourse in achieving moral consensus and resolving conflicts. It posits that valid norms are those that can be agreed upon by all affected parties through a process of argumentation free from coercion.
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The Ideal Speech Situation is a theoretical framework proposed by Jürgen Habermas, suggesting that for communication to lead to mutual understanding and consensus, it must occur under conditions of equality, freedom from coercion, and openness. It emphasizes the importance of rational discourse, where all participants have equal opportunity to present and challenge claims, aiming for a consensus that is reached through the force of the better argument rather than power or manipulation.
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Critical theory is a philosophical approach that seeks to understand and critique power structures within society, aiming to foster transformative social change. It challenges traditional knowledge systems by exposing underlying ideologies and advocating for a more equitable and just world.
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Rationality refers to the quality of being based on or in accordance with reason or logic, often involving the pursuit of goals in a coherent and consistent manner. It encompasses both theoretical aspects, such as logical reasoning and decision-making, and practical applications, such as economic choices and ethical judgments.
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Deliberative Democracy is a form of democracy in which deliberation is central to decision-making, emphasizing the role of discussion and argumentation in reaching consensus. It aims to create more informed and legitimate decisions by involving diverse perspectives and encouraging public reasoning among citizens and representatives.
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Speech acts are communicative actions that perform a function, such as making a request, giving an order, or making a promise, through the use of language. They highlight the pragmatic aspect of language, where meaning is not only derived from words and grammar but also from the context and intention behind the utterance.
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The Consensus Theory of Truth posits that truth is whatever is agreed upon, or in some versions, what the majority of a community believes to be true. It emphasizes the social aspect of truth, suggesting that truth is not an objective reality but a product of collective agreement or discourse.
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Intersubjectivity refers to the shared understanding and mutual knowledge that arises between individuals during interactions, allowing them to align their perspectives and communicate effectively. It is fundamental in social cognition, enabling people to interpret and predict each other's behaviors and intentions within various cultural and social contexts.
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Democratic deliberation is a process where citizens engage in discussion and reasoning to make collective decisions, emphasizing inclusivity, equality, and rational argumentation. It aims to enhance the legitimacy and quality of democratic decision-making by fostering informed and reflective public discourse.
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Dialogical reasoning is a method of inquiry that emphasizes the importance of dialogue and interaction between different perspectives to reach a deeper understanding of a problem or topic. It fosters critical thinking and open-mindedness by encouraging participants to question their assumptions and consider alternative viewpoints.
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