The jamming transition describes how a disordered system of particles transitions from a fluid-like state to a solid-like state when density or pressure is increased. It is a critical phenomenon observed in granular materials, colloids, and glasses, where the system's mechanical properties change dramatically without a change in temperature.

Jamming Transition

jamming transition

disordered system

A fluid-like state refers to a phase of matter where particles have the ability to flow and adapt to the shape of their container, similar to liquids and gases. This state exhibits properties such as viscosity, surface tension, and the ability to transmit pressure uniformly in all directions.

fluid-like state

The solid-like state refers to a phase of matter where the constituent particles are closely packed in a fixed, orderly arrangement, resulting in a definite shape and volume. This state is characterized by strong intermolecular forces and minimal particle movement, contributing to its rigidity and resistance to deformation.

solid-like state

Density is a measure of how much mass an object or substance has in a given volume, often expressed in units like kilograms per cubic meter or grams per cubic centimeter. It is a fundamental property used to characterize materials and can affect how substances interact, float, or sink in different environments.

density

Pressure is the force exerted per unit area on the surface of an object, which can arise from various sources such as gases, liquids, or solids. It plays a crucial role in numerous scientific and engineering applications, influencing phenomena ranging from weather patterns to the behavior of gases and liquids in different environments.

pressure

critical phenomenon

Granular materials are collections of macroscopic particles that interact through contact forces and dissipate energy, exhibiting both solid-like and fluid-like behavior depending on the external conditions. They are crucial in various industries and scientific research due to their complex dynamics and unique properties, such as jamming, segregation, and flow behavior under stress.

granular materials

Colloids are mixtures where one substance is dispersed evenly throughout another, with particle sizes between those found in true solutions and suspensions. They exhibit unique properties such as the Tyndall effect, Brownian motion, and stability due to electrostatic interactions or steric effects.

colloids

Glasses are optical devices worn on the face to correct vision impairments by adjusting the focus of light entering the eyes. They consist of lenses mounted in a frame that rests on the nose and ears, providing a practical and non-invasive solution to refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.

glasses

Mechanical properties are the characteristics of materials that reveal their behavior under various forms of force and load, crucial for determining their suitability in different applications. These properties include elasticity, plasticity, toughness, and hardness, which collectively influence a material's performance in mechanical systems.

mechanical properties

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, which determines how hot or cold that substance feels. It plays a critical role in various scientific disciplines, influencing physical states, chemical reactions, and biological processes.

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