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Sculpture is a type of art where artists make shapes and figures out of materials like clay, wood, metal, or stone. It's like playing with playdough, but the creations last a long time and can be very big or small, showing people, animals, or even ideas.
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Three-dimensionality refers to the property of an object or space that has depth in addition to height and width, making it perceivable as having a volume instead of a flat surface. This characteristic is fundamental in differentiating objects in the real world from those in two-dimensional representations such as drawings and photographs.
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Depth perception is the visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions, enabling the judgment of distance between objects. It relies on both binocular cues, like stereopsis, and monocular cues, such as relative size and motion parallax, to provide a comprehensive understanding of spatial relationships.
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Shadow casting is a fundamental technique in computer graphics and visual arts, used to simulate the effect of light interacting with objects to create shadows, thereby enhancing the realism of scenes. It involves calculating the visibility of light from a source to determine areas of shadow, which can be applied in various lighting models and rendering algorithms.
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Contrapposto is an artistic technique used to depict human figures in a more dynamic and realistic standing position, where the weight is shifted onto one leg, causing the shoulders and arms to twist off-axis from the hips and legs. This technique, originating in ancient Greece, marked a significant advancement in the portrayal of movement and anatomy in sculpture and painting, thereby influencing subsequent art styles throughout Western history.
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Plaster casting is a versatile technique used to create precise replicas of objects by pouring plaster into a mold, where it hardens to form a solid cast. This method is commonly employed in art, medicine, and manufacturing due to its ability to capture fine details and its relative cost-effectiveness.
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Visual composition is the strategic arrangement of elements within a visual medium to guide the viewer’s eye and convey a specific message or emotion. It involves the deliberate use of principles like balance, contrast, and harmony to create an aesthetically pleasing and effective visual experience.
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High relief, or alto-relievo, is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements project significantly from the background, often by half or more of their circumference. This dramatic projection allows for intricate detailing and interplay of light and shadow, providing a dynamic and realistic portrayal of figures and scenes.
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