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An infectious agent, also known as a pathogen, is a biological entity that causes disease or illness to its host. These agents include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and prions, each with unique mechanisms of transmission and infection.
Cognitive inflexibility refers to the diminished ability to adapt one's thinking or behavior in response to new information or changing circumstances, often leading to rigid and maladaptive patterns. This mental rigidity can impact problem-solving, decision-making, and social interactions, making it challenging to adjust to unfamiliar situations or perspectives.
Executive function refers to a set of cognitive processes that are essential for the cognitive control of behavior, enabling individuals to plan, focus attention, remember instructions, and juggle multiple tasks successfully. These functions are crucial for goal-directed behavior and are often linked to the prefrontal cortex of the brain.
Neurodevelopmental disorders are a group of conditions that manifest early in development, often before a child enters grade school, and are characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. These disorders may involve dysfunction in the central nervous system, affecting cognitive, motor, and emotional skills, and can include conditions such as autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and intellectual disabilities.
Frontal lobe dysfunction refers to a range of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral impairments resulting from damage or abnormalities in the frontal lobe of the brain. This condition can significantly impact decision-making, problem-solving, emotional regulation, and social behavior, often leading to challenges in daily functioning and interpersonal relationships.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental health condition characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) that an individual feels driven to perform. These symptoms can significantly interfere with daily functioning and are often managed through a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and medication.
Brain injury refers to any damage to the brain that impairs its normal function, which can result from traumatic events or non-traumatic causes such as strokes or infections. The impact of a Brain injury can vary widely, affecting cognitive, physical, emotional, and behavioral functions, depending on the severity and location of the injury.
Language processing refers to the computational techniques and models used to analyze, understand, and generate human language. It encompasses both natural Language processing (NLP) and computational linguistics, aiming to bridge the gap between human communication and computer understanding.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. It is commonly diagnosed in childhood, but can persist into adulthood, impacting various aspects of life such as education, work, and relationships.
Cognitive rigidity refers to an individual's difficulty in adapting their thinking or behavior in response to new information or changing circumstances, often leading to inflexible problem-solving and decision-making. This mental inflexibility can be associated with various psychological disorders and can impact daily functioning and social interactions.
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A mental set is a cognitive framework that predisposes individuals to approach problems in a certain way based on past experiences, often leading to a reliance on familiar strategies rather than exploring new ones. While mental sets can streamline problem-solving by applying known solutions, they can also hinder innovation and adaptability when novel approaches are necessary.
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