Homocysteine metabolism is a biochemical process involving the conversion of homocysteine, an amino acid, into other substances like methionine and cysteine, which is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing disorders like hyperhomocysteinemia. Disruptions in this process are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, neural tube defects, and other health issues, often influenced by genetic factors and vitamin deficiencies, particularly B6, B9, and B12.