Hoisting is a JavaScript mechanism where variable and function declarations are moved to the top of their containing scope during the compilation phase, allowing them to be referenced before they are declared in the code. This behavior can lead to unexpected results if not properly understood, as only the declarations are hoisted, not the initializations.

Hoisting

JavaScript mechanism

When we tell the computer about a variable, we're giving it a name and a special box to keep something in, like a number or a word. A function is like a magic recipe that tells the computer how to do something when we ask it to, using the things in the boxes.

variable and function declarations

top of their containing scope

compilation phase

referenced before they are declared

unexpected results

properly understood

only the declarations are hoisted

initializations

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