The Geometrization Conjecture, proposed by William Thurston, is a far-reaching statement about the structure of three-dimensional manifolds, suggesting that every such manifold can be decomposed into pieces with uniform geometric structures. This conjecture, which generalizes the Poincaré Conjecture, was proven by Grigori Perelman in the early 2000s using Richard S. Hamilton's Ricci flow with surgery technique, revolutionizing the field of geometric topology.