GABA receptor modulation involves the enhancement or inhibition of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, which play a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability and maintaining the balance between excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. This modulation is essential for the therapeutic effects of various drugs, including anxiolytics, anticonvulsants, and anesthetics, and is a target for research in treating neurological disorders such as epilepsy and anxiety.