Follicular thyroid carcinoma is a type of thyroid cancer that originates from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland, characterized by its potential to spread to distant parts of the body, such as the lungs and bones, without first involving the lymph nodes. It is less common than papillary thyroid carcinoma but tends to be more aggressive, requiring careful diagnosis through histopathological examination and often treated with thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine therapy.