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Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a condition where the brain has trouble receiving and responding to information that comes in through the senses, leading to difficulties in performing everyday tasks. It can manifest as hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to sensory inputs such as sound, touch, taste, and movement, affecting both children and adults in various ways.
Hypersensitivity refers to an exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to an antigen that can lead to tissue damage and disease. It is classified into four types based on the mechanism of the immune response and the timing of the reaction, ranging from immediate allergic reactions to delayed cell-mediated responses.
Hyposensitivity refers to a reduced or diminished response to sensory stimuli, which can affect how individuals perceive and interact with their environment. It is often observed in neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder and can impact sensory processing, leading to challenges in daily functioning and behavior.
Neurological disorders encompass a wide range of conditions affecting the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. These disorders can result from genetic, environmental, or unknown causes and may lead to a variety of symptoms such as cognitive impairment, motor dysfunction, and sensory disturbances.
Developmental disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions originating in childhood that involve serious impairment in different areas, including language, learning, motor skills, and social functioning. They are typically diagnosed in early childhood and can significantly impact a person's ability to function independently throughout their life.
Sensory integration is the neurological process that organizes sensation from one's own body and the environment, making it possible to use the body effectively within the environment. It is crucial for learning, behavior, and development, as it enables individuals to respond appropriately to sensory stimuli.
Occupational therapy is a client-centered health profession focused on promoting health and well-being through occupation, enabling individuals to participate in daily activities that are meaningful to them. It addresses physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and sensory-perceptual aspects of performance to enhance an individual's ability to perform tasks in their personal, work, and social environments.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a disruption in the normal function of the brain caused by an external force, such as a blow or jolt to the head. It can result in a range of symptoms from mild concussions to severe cognitive impairments, depending on the extent of the injury and the areas of the brain affected.
Sensory modulation refers to the brain's ability to regulate and organize sensory input from the environment, enabling appropriate responses to sensory stimuli. It is crucial for maintaining focus, emotional regulation, and adaptive behavior in various contexts.
Neurological symptoms are manifestations of disorders affecting the brain, spinal cord, or nerves, which can include a wide range of physical, cognitive, and emotional changes. Accurate diagnosis and management require understanding the underlying causes, which can range from traumatic injuries to degenerative diseases or infections.
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