Membrane filtration is a process that separates particles from a fluid by passing it through a semi-permeable membrane, effectively removing contaminants based on size or charge. It is widely used in water treatment, food processing, and biotechnology due to its efficiency, scalability, and ability to retain essential nutrients or compounds while eliminating unwanted substances.
The sterilization process is a critical procedure used to eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, from a surface, object, or fluid. This process is essential in healthcare and laboratory settings to prevent infection and contamination, ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical instruments and pharmaceuticals.
Sterility refers to the complete absence of viable microorganisms and is a crucial condition in environments where contamination must be avoided, such as in medical, pharmaceutical, and laboratory settings. Achieving sterility typically involves rigorous sterilization processes using physical or chemical methods to eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.