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Concept
Fillers are words or sounds used in speech to fill pauses or gaps, often serving to give the speaker time to think or maintain a conversational flow. They can indicate hesitation, uncertainty, or a need for more time, and are a natural part of spontaneous speech across languages.
Discourse markers are words or phrases used in conversation and writing to manage the flow of discourse, signal relationships between ideas, and guide the listener or reader through the text. They do not contribute to the propositional content but are crucial for coherence, indicating transitions, emphasis, or speaker attitudes.
Hesitation phenomena refer to the pauses, fillers, and interruptions that occur in spontaneous speech, often reflecting cognitive processes such as planning, uncertainty, or retrieval of information. These phenomena can provide insights into a speaker's language proficiency, thought process, and emotional state, making them a valuable area of study in psycholinguistics and communication analysis.
Spontaneous speech refers to natural, unplanned verbal communication that occurs in real-time, often characterized by its fluidity and adaptability to context. It involves cognitive processes such as language production, comprehension, and the use of pragmatics to convey meaning effectively in social interactions.
Speech disfluency refers to interruptions in the flow of speech that can include hesitations, repetitions, or prolongations of sounds or words. These disruptions can occur in both typical speech and in speech disorders, affecting communication effectiveness and fluency perception.
Conversation Analysis is a methodological approach in social science that examines the structure and pattern of interactions in everyday communication to understand how social order is constructed and maintained. It focuses on the micro-level details of talk-in-interaction, including turn-taking, repair, and sequence organization, to reveal the underlying rules and norms guiding conversational exchanges.
Concept
Pragmatics is the branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the interpretation of meaning in communication, beyond the literal content of words. It examines how speakers use language in social interactions and how listeners infer intended meanings, considering factors like tone, shared knowledge, and situational context.
Sociolinguistics is the study of how language varies and changes in social contexts, examining the relationship between linguistic behavior and social factors like class, gender, and ethnicity. It explores how language use both reflects and influences social identities and power dynamics within communities.
Psycholinguistics is the interdisciplinary study of how language is processed and understood by the human mind, bridging psychology and linguistics to explore cognitive mechanisms underlying language acquisition, comprehension, and production. It examines how language is represented in the brain, how people learn and use language, and the psychological factors that influence language processing.
Polymer additives are crucial components that enhance the properties and performance of polymer materials, allowing for customization to meet specific application needs. These additives can improve characteristics such as thermal stability, UV resistance, color, and mechanical strength, thus expanding the utility and lifespan of polymer products.
Amorphous silica is a non-crystalline form of silicon dioxide known for its high surface area and reactivity, making it useful in various industrial applications such as fillers, adsorbents, and catalysts. Unlike crystalline silica, it lacks a well-ordered atomic structure, which influences its physical and chemical properties, including solubility and thermal stability.
Additives in papermaking are essential substances introduced during the manufacturing process to enhance the paper's properties, such as strength, brightness, and printability. These additives can include fillers, sizing agents, and retention aids, each serving a specific function to improve the final product's quality and performance.
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