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The Feature Comparison Model is a cognitive theory that explains how people categorize objects and concepts based on the comparison of features. It suggests that the decision-making process involves evaluating the defining and characteristic features of items to determine their category membership.
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Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as perception, memory, reasoning, and problem-solving, focusing on how people understand, diagnose, and respond to information. It emphasizes internal mental states and uses experimental methods to study how people acquire, process, and store information.
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Categorization is the cognitive process of grouping objects, ideas, or information based on shared characteristics or features, which helps in simplifying the complexity of the world and enhancing decision-making. It is fundamental to human cognition, influencing perception, memory, and language, and is essential for learning and communication.
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Feature analysis is a critical process in machine learning and pattern recognition that involves selecting, transforming, and evaluating attributes to improve model performance and interpretability. It helps in identifying the most informative features, reducing dimensionality, and mitigating overfitting by focusing on the most relevant data aspects.
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Semantic memory is a type of long-term memory that involves the storage and recall of general world knowledge, facts, and concepts, which are not tied to personal experiences. It enables individuals to understand language, recognize objects, and utilize learned information in everyday situations without needing to remember the context in which the knowledge was acquired.
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Conceptual representation is a mental system where information is organized, stored, and retrieved in categories and structures that facilitate understanding and communication. It underlies our ability to recognize and reason about the world, enabling processes like language use, perception, and memory retrieval to function efficiently and adaptively.
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Prototype Theory suggests that within each category, certain members are more central or typical than others, based on shared features and resemblance to an idealized or 'prototypical' example. This theory challenges the classical view of categories as defined by necessary and sufficient conditions, emphasizing instead a gradient of membership based on similarity.
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Exemplar Theory posits that individuals categorize objects and ideas based on specific examples or instances they have encountered, rather than abstract rules or prototypes. This theory emphasizes the role of memory and experience in shaping how categories are formed and understood, highlighting the variability and context-dependence in cognitive processing.
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Similarity judgments are cognitive processes where individuals assess how alike or different objects, ideas, or entities are based on perceived attributes or dimensions. These judgments are crucial in decision-making, categorization, and problem-solving, influencing how information is organized and retrieved in the mind.
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