Exhalation is the process of expelling air from the lungs through the respiratory tract, primarily involving the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. It is a passive process during restful breathing but can become active during vigorous activities or respiratory conditions.

Exhalation

process of expelling air

The lungs are vital respiratory organs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the bloodstream and the environment, playing a crucial role in maintaining the body's metabolic processes. They consist of a complex system of airways and alveoli, which maximize surface area for efficient gas exchange and are protected by the rib cage and diaphragm for mechanical support and ventilation.

lungs

The respiratory tract is a series of organs and structures that facilitate the process of breathing, allowing for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. It is divided into the upper and lower respiratory tracts, each serving distinct roles in air conduction, filtration, and gas exchange.

respiratory tract

The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that plays a crucial role in respiration by contracting and flattening to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, thereby facilitating the inflow of air into the lungs. It also separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and assists in other functions such as vomiting, defecation, and childbirth by increasing intra-abdominal pressure.

diaphragm

Intercostal muscles are a group of muscles located between the ribs that play a crucial role in the mechanics of breathing by aiding in the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity. They are divided into external, internal, and innermost intercostal muscles, each with specific functions in respiration and stabilization of the ribcage.

intercostal muscles

passive process

restful breathing

An active process involves continuous engagement and dynamic interaction with the environment or system, often requiring conscious effort and decision-making. This contrasts with passive processes, where changes occur without direct intervention or active participation.

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