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Ethical intuitionism posits that moral truths are known through intuition, suggesting that certain moral principles are self-evident and do not require empirical evidence or rational argumentation to be understood as true. This perspective emphasizes the immediate apprehension of moral values and duties, arguing that our moral intuitions are a reliable source of ethical knowledge.
Relevant Degrees
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Moral realism is the philosophical view that there are objective moral facts and values that exist independently of human beliefs or perceptions. It posits that moral statements can be true or false based on these objective standards, similar to factual claims about the physical world.
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Self-evidence refers to propositions or truths that are immediately known and accepted without need for further proof or reasoning, often considered foundational in philosophical and logical discourse. These propositions are typically characterized by their clarity, distinctness, and necessity, making them immune to doubt or contradiction.
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Moral epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature, scope, and origin of moral knowledge, questioning how we come to know moral truths and the justification of moral beliefs. It explores the relationship between moral facts and our cognitive faculties, often intersecting with debates in metaethics and normative ethics.
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Moral Particularism is the philosophical theory that argues moral judgment is determined by the context of a situation rather than by applying universal moral principles. It challenges traditional moral theories by asserting that reasons for moral actions can vary in significance depending on the specific details of each case.
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Normative ethics is a branch of ethical philosophy that investigates the set of questions that arise when considering how one ought to act, morally speaking. It seeks to establish norms or standards for conduct, distinguishing right from wrong and providing a framework for ethical decision-making.
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Moral skepticism is the philosophical view that questions the existence of objective moral truths, suggesting that moral beliefs are not justified or knowledge-based. It challenges the validity of moral judgments and often leads to the conclusion that moral claims are subjective or relative.
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A priori knowledge refers to knowledge that is independent of experience and is derived from reason alone, often considered necessary and universally true. It contrasts with a posteriori knowledge, which is dependent on empirical evidence and sensory experience.
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The Open Question Argument, proposed by G.E. Moore, challenges the idea that moral properties can be reduced to natural properties by arguing that for any proposed naturalistic definition of 'good', it remains an open question whether that definition truly captures what 'good' means. This suggests that moral terms are indefinable in naturalistic terms, implying a form of moral non-naturalism or ethical intuitionism.
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Moral perception is the ability to discern ethical dimensions and moral significance in various situations, often guiding individuals' judgments and actions without explicit reasoning. It involves recognizing morally relevant features and understanding the implications of those features in context, bridging the gap between abstract moral principles and concrete situations.
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Moral intuition refers to the immediate, automatic judgment of the moral rightness or wrongness of an action without conscious reasoning. It plays a crucial role in ethical decision-making, often influenced by cultural, emotional, and evolutionary factors, and can sometimes lead to biases or conflicts with reasoned moral judgments.
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