Endothelial dysfunction is a pathological state of the inner lining of blood vessels, characterized by reduced vasodilation, inflammation, and pro-thrombotic properties. It is a critical early event in the development of atherosclerosis and is associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.

Endothelial Dysfunction

Endothelial dysfunction

pathological state

inner lining of blood vessels

reduced vasodilation

Inflammation is the body's complex biological response to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective attempt to remove the injurious stimuli and initiate the healing process. While acute inflammation is a vital part of the immune response, chronic inflammation can contribute to various diseases, including arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers.

inflammation

pro-thrombotic properties

critical early event

development of atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular risk factors are conditions or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing heart disease or having a stroke. Understanding and managing these factors can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and improve overall heart health.

cardiovascular risk factors

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is consistently too high, potentially leading to serious health complications like heart disease and stroke. It is often asymptomatic, earning it the nickname 'the silent killer,' and requires regular monitoring and management through lifestyle changes and medication.

hypertension

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition characterized by the body's inability to properly regulate blood glucose levels, either due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. Effective management is crucial to prevent complications such as cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, and kidney failure.

diabetes

Hyperlipidemia is a medical condition characterized by elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream, primarily cholesterol and triglycerides, increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Management involves lifestyle modifications and, if necessary, pharmacological interventions to reduce lipid levels and mitigate associated health risks.

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