Concept
Cytochrome c is a small heme protein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondria, playing a crucial role in the electron transport chain and apoptosis. It acts as an electron carrier, transferring electrons between Complex III and Complex IV, and is also involved in the intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death by activating caspases when released into the cytosol.
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Concept
The biblical canon refers to the collection of books that a religious community regards as authoritative scripture. The formation of the canon was a complex process influenced by theological, historical, and cultural factors, resulting in different canons for Judaism, Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism.
Concept
Early Christianity emerged in the 1st century CE as a sect within Judaism, rapidly expanding across the Roman Empire despite facing persecution. It was characterized by the development of core doctrines, the formation of the New Testament canon, and the establishment of ecclesiastical structures that laid the foundation for the global Christian Church.
Concept
The New Testament Apocrypha refers to a collection of early Christian writings that were not included in the canonical New Testament due to questions about their authenticity, authorship, or theological content. These texts offer valuable insights into early Christian thought, diversity, and the development of Christian doctrine, despite their non-canonical status.
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Manuscript studies is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the analysis, interpretation, and preservation of handwritten documents, often from the medieval period. It encompasses various aspects such as paleography, codicology, and textual criticism to understand the historical and cultural contexts of these documents.
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Textual criticism is the scholarly discipline that seeks to establish the original text of a document by examining and comparing the various copies and versions that have been made over time. This process involves identifying and correcting errors or alterations that may have occurred during the transmission of the text through history.
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Church history is the study of the development, events, and movements of Christianity from its inception to the present day, encompassing theological, cultural, and political influences. It provides insights into how Christianity has shaped and been shaped by different societies and historical contexts over time.
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Patristics is the study of the early Christian writers, known as the Church Fathers, whose works were foundational in shaping Christian theology and doctrine from the first to the eighth centuries. It involves examining the historical, cultural, and theological contexts of their writings to understand their influence on the development of Christian thought.
Concept
Scriptural authority refers to the belief that sacred texts hold ultimate authority in guiding faith, morals, and practices within religious traditions. This concept is central to many religions, where scriptures are considered divinely inspired and serve as the foundational source for doctrine and ethical guidance.
The formation of the New Testament Canon was a complex process that spanned several centuries, involving debates over which writings were considered authoritative and inspired. This process was influenced by theological, ecclesiastical, and political factors, ultimately resulting in the 27 books recognized by most Christian traditions today.
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