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Concept
Encryption is the process of converting information or data into a code to prevent unauthorized access, ensuring confidentiality and data integrity. It is a fundamental technology in cybersecurity, used in various applications such as securing communications, protecting sensitive data, and verifying identities.
Concept
Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back into its original form, making it readable and understandable. It is a crucial component of data security, ensuring that only authorized individuals can access sensitive information by using cryptographic keys or algorithms.
Symmetric key cryptography uses the same secret key for both encryption and decryption, making it efficient but requiring secure key distribution between parties. Its security relies on the secrecy of the key, which can be a challenge in large-scale or open networks.
Asymmetric Key Cryptography, also known as public key cryptography, uses a pair of keys – a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption – to secure communications, ensuring that only the intended recipient can access the encrypted message. This method enhances security by eliminating the need to share a secret key and is fundamental to various protocols, including SSL/TLS and digital signatures.
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a framework that enables secure, encrypted communication and authentication over networks by using pairs of cryptographic keys: public and private. It underpins the security of internet transactions, digital signatures, and electronic identities, ensuring data integrity and confidentiality.
Digital signatures are cryptographic mechanisms that ensure the authenticity and integrity of digital messages or documents by using public key infrastructure. They provide a way to verify the sender's identity and confirm that the content has not been altered since it was signed.
Hash functions are algorithms that take an input and produce a fixed-size string of bytes, typically a hash code, which appears random. They are crucial in computer science for ensuring data integrity, enabling efficient data retrieval, and securing information through cryptographic applications.
Cryptographic protocols are structured sequences of cryptographic operations that ensure secure communication and data exchange over networks. They encompass various techniques to provide confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation, forming the backbone of secure digital interactions.
Key exchange is a cryptographic process by which cryptographic keys are securely shared between parties, enabling encrypted communication. It is foundational for establishing secure channels over untrusted networks, ensuring confidentiality and integrity of data.
Quantum cryptography leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to create secure communication channels that are theoretically immune to eavesdropping, primarily through quantum key distribution (QKD). It fundamentally relies on the behavior of quantum particles, such as entanglement and superposition, to detect any interception attempts by an adversary.
Hardware protection is a critical aspect of computer security that involves safeguarding physical devices and the data they store from unauthorized access and damage. It employs a combination of physical security measures, cryptographic techniques, and access control mechanisms to ensure the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of hardware resources.
Non-linkability is a privacy property ensuring that two or more items of interest, such as transactions or identities, cannot be correlated or linked by an observer. It is a critical component in systems requiring anonymity and confidentiality, such as digital currencies and privacy-preserving data sharing protocols.
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