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Ductility is a material property that indicates a substance's ability to undergo significant plastic deformation before rupture, typically characterized by the material's capacity to be stretched into a wire. It is crucial in determining how materials can be shaped and used in various applications, especially in construction and manufacturing industries.
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Flexural strength is the ability of a material to resist deformation under load, particularly in bending. It is a critical property for materials used in structural applications, ensuring they can withstand forces without breaking or undergoing excessive bending.
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Elasticity measures the responsiveness of one variable to changes in another variable, often used in economics to assess how quantity demanded or supplied responds to price changes. It provides insights into consumer behavior, market dynamics, and helps in making pricing and policy decisions.
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Plastic deformation is the permanent change in shape or size of a material under stress, beyond its elastic limit, where it does not return to its original form upon removal of the force. It is a critical consideration in material science and engineering, affecting the durability and performance of materials under load.
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Fracture mechanics is the field of mechanics concerned with the study of the propagation of cracks in materials. It uses analytical and empirical techniques to predict the conditions under which materials will fail due to crack growth, thereby helping in the design of more resilient structures and components.
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The stress-strain curve is a graphical representation that shows how a material deforms under various levels of stress, providing critical insights into its mechanical properties such as elasticity, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength. It is essential for understanding material behavior under load, which is crucial for engineering and design applications.
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The Modulus of Elasticity, also known as Young's Modulus, is a measure of a material's ability to resist deformation under stress, reflecting its stiffness. It is a fundamental mechanical property that quantifies the relationship between stress and strain in the linear elastic region of a material's stress-strain curve.
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Yield strength is the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically, marking the end of elastic behavior and the onset of permanent deformation. It is a critical parameter in engineering and materials science, determining a material's ability to withstand loads without permanent deformation.
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Material toughness is a measure of a material's ability to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing. It is a critical property in engineering applications where materials must withstand impact, shock, and other dynamic loads without failing.
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The three-point bending test is a mechanical test used to determine the flexural strength and stiffness of materials by applying a load at the midpoint of a beam supported at two points. This test is essential for understanding material behavior under bending stresses, which is critical for applications in structural engineering and material science.
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The four-point bending test is a method used to determine the flexural strength and stiffness of materials by applying two equal loads at equal distances from the support points, creating a constant bending moment between the loading points. This test provides insights into the material's behavior under stress and helps in assessing its structural integrity and performance in practical applications.
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Weld testing is a crucial process in quality control that ensures the integrity and safety of welded joints by identifying defects and assessing the mechanical properties of the welds. It employs various non-destructive and destructive methods to evaluate the welds' strength, durability, and compliance with industry standards.
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