Classical Test Theory (CTT) is a psychological testing framework that assumes each test score is composed of a true score and random error, aiming to estimate the reliability and validity of assessments. It provides foundational metrics like reliability coefficients and standard error of measurement, crucial for understanding the accuracy and consistency of test results.

Classical Test Theory

psychological testing framework

True Score is a theoretical construct in classical test theory that represents the actual level of the trait or ability being measured, devoid of any measurement error. It is the average score an individual would achieve over an infinite number of parallel tests, highlighting the distinction between observed scores and the underlying true ability.

true score

Random error refers to the unpredictable and unavoidable fluctuations in measurement results that arise from uncontrollable variables, which can obscure the true value being measured. Unlike systematic errors, random errors do not have a consistent direction or magnitude, and their effects can often be mitigated by increasing the sample size or averaging multiple observations.

random error

Reliability refers to the consistency and dependability of a system, process, or measurement over time. It is crucial for ensuring trust and accuracy in various fields, such as engineering, psychology, and statistics, where repeated results are essential for validation and decision-making.

reliability

Validity refers to the degree to which a test or instrument accurately measures what it is intended to measure, ensuring the results are meaningful and applicable to real-world scenarios. It is a critical aspect of research and assessment that affects the credibility and generalizability of findings.

validity

reliability coefficients

The Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) quantifies the amount of error inherent in a test score due to the imperfect reliability of the test. It provides an estimate of the range within which the true score of an individual lies, reflecting the precision of the measurement tool.

CUSTOMIZE YOUR LEARNING

CUSTOMIZE YOUR LEARNING

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